Ana- Historical Context
Title
Ana- Historical Context
Ana- Contexto Histórico
Description
Background research on the relevant history associated with Ana's homeland, Guatemala, and the places within Guatemala that he has lived in.
ii. Investigación de antecedentes sobre la historia relevante asociada con la patria de Ana, Guatemala, y los lugares dentro de Guatemala en los que ha vivido.
Creator
Alejandra Farinas
Source
Publisher
Jared Mallard
Format
Document - Documento
Language
English – Inglés
Type
Text - Texto
Text
***REVISED 2***
San Marcos is a city and Municipality in Guatemala located on the border of Mexico and
along the pacific coast. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas at an elevation of 7,700 feet (2.350
meters) above sea level . According to the 2018 Census, the municipality has a population of
47,063 people. The main language spoken is Mayan-mam, but there are over 22 languages
spoken there. The department of San Marcos is one of the main borders in the Republic of
Guatemala and it is an important commercial area. It is also the gate to Mexico and therefore a
place many immigrants stop on their way to the north.
Since Ana’s journey to the U.S was not that long ago, only about a year, there were not
many things going on economically that influenced her decision to leave home. San Marcos
While Ana was still living at home, there was a 6.9 magnitude earthquake that struck
Southern Mexico and Guatemala in July of 2014. Ana moved to the US, in 2019.
“The US Geological Survey said the quake had originated 60km (37 miles) below
the surface, while Mexican seismologists said its depth was more than 90km.”
according to BBC News. The earthquake killed 3 people and emergency services in
Guatemala said two people died when their house collapsed on top of them in the
town of San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta. This same area was struck by an
earthquake in 2012 which killed almost 50 people.There was another earthquake of the same
magnitude in June of 2017. This time, the earthquake killed 5 and injured 7. “The region where
the earthquake was located is sparsely populated and mountainous, and most residents run
small businesses or tend to small farms, the AP added.” This is exactly how Ana described her
home.
*Spanish*
San Marcos es una ciudad y municipio en
Guatemala ubicado en la frontera de México y a lo largo de la costa del
Pacífico. Está en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas a una altitud de 7,700 pies (2,350
metros) sobre el nivel del mar. Según el censo de 2018, el municipio tiene una
población de 47,063 personas. El idioma principal que se habla es maya-mam,
pero allí se hablan más de 22 idiomas. El departamento de San Marcos es una de
las principales fronteras de la República de Guatemala y es una importante zona
comercial. También es la puerta de entrada a México y, por lo tanto, un lugar donde muchos
inmigrantes se detienen en su camino hacia el norte.
Dado que el viaje de Ana a los Estados Unidos no fue hace tanto tiempo, solo alrededor de un
año, no sucedieron muchas cosas económicamente que influyeron en su decisión de
abandonar su hogar. San Marcos Mientras Ana todavía vivía en su casa, hubo un terremoto de
magnitud 6,9 que sacudió el sur de México y Guatemala en julio de 2014. Ana se mudó a los
Estados Unidos, en 2019. "El Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos. Dijo que el terremoto
se originó 60 kilómetros (37 millas) debajo la superficie, mientras que los sismólogos mexicanos
dijeron que su profundidad era de más de 90 km ". según BBC News. El terremoto mató a 3
personas y los servicios de emergencia en Guatemala dijeron que dos personas murieron
cuando su casa se derrumbó encima de ellas en la ciudad de San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta.
Esta misma área fue golpeada por un terremoto en 2012 que mató a casi 50 personas. Hubo
otro terremoto de la misma magnitud en junio de 2017. Esta vez, el terremoto mató a 5 e hirió a
7. “La región donde se ubicó el terremoto está escasamente poblada y montañosa, y la mayoría
de los residentes manejan pequeños negocios o tienden a pequeñas granjas, agregó el AP ".
Así es exactamente como Ana describió su hogar.
Sources:
“Quake 'Kills Three' as It Strikes Mexico and Guatemala.” BBC News, BBC, 7 July 2014,
www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-28195604
Breslin, Sean. “Guatemala Earthquake Kills 5, Injures 7; Damage, Landslides Reported.” The
Weather Channel, The Weather Channel, 15 June 2017,
weather.com/news/news/guatemala-earthquake-latest-news
**Revised**
San Marcos is a city and Municipality in Guatemala located on the border of Mexico and along
the pacific coast. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas at an elevation of 7,700 feet (2.350
meters) above sea level . According to the 2018 Census, the municipality has a population of
47,063 people. The main language spoken is Mayan-mam, but there are over 22 languages
spoken there.
The department of San Marcos is one of the main borders in the Republic of Guatemala
and it is an important commercial area. It is also the gate to Mexico and therefore a place many
immigrants stop on their way to the north.Since Ana’s journey to the U.S was not that long ago,
only about a year, there were not many things going on economically that influenced her
decision to leave home. Back home in San Marcos,
While Ana was still living at home, there was a 6.9 magnitude earthquake that struck
Southern Mexico and Guatemala in July of 2014. Ana moved to the US, in 2019. “The US
Geological Survey said the quake had originated 60km (37 miles) below the surface, while
Mexican seismologists said its depth was more than 90km.” according to BBC News. The
earthquake killed 3 people and emergency services in Guatemala said two people died when
their house collapsed on top of them in the town of San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta.This same area
was struck by an earthquake in 2012 which killed almost 50 people.
There was another earthquake of the same magnitude in June of 2017. This time, the
earthquake killed 5 and injured 7. “The region where the earthquake was located is sparsely
populated and mountainous, and most residents run small businesses or tend to small farms,
the AP added.” This is exactly how Ana described her home.
Sources : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-28195604
https://weather.com/news/news/guatemala-earthquake-latest-news
San Marcos, Guatemala
San Marcos is a city and Municipality in Guatemala located on the border of Mexico and along
the pacific coast. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas at an elevation of 7,700 feet (2.350
meters) above sea level . According to the 2018 Census, the municipality has a population of
47,063 people. The main language spoken is Mayan-mam, but there are over 22 languages
spoken there.
The department of San Marcos is one of the main borders in the Republic of Guatemala and it is
an important commercial area. It is also the gate to Mexico and therefore a place many
immigrants stop on their way to the north.
Geography & Environment
San Marcos is bordered on the northeast by the department of Huehuetenango, on the east by
the department of Quetzaltenango, to the south by the department of Retalhuleu and by the
Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the Mexican state of Chiapas. The department has a total
territory of 2,397 square kilometres (925 sq mi).
San Marcos is known for their highlands but in the same department, they have the highest
volcano of Central America reaching an altitude of 4,200 meters (there are two more volcanoes:
Tacana 4,092m and San Antonio 2,750m).
The northern portion of the department is mountainous, being crossed by the Sierra Madre de
Chiapas mountain range. The two highest volcanoes in Central America are located within its
borders,Tajumulco (4,220 metres (13,850 ft) high) and Tacaná (4,092 metres (13,425 ft) high).
The Tajumulco volcano is the highest peak in Central America.Other notable peaks include San
Antonio Ichiguán at 4,022 metres (13,196 ft) above mean sea level. The southern portion of the
department drops away towards the Pacific coast.
San Marcos has subtropical highland climate, according to the Koppen climate classification.
The weather is mostly windy and cold with a daily average of 55 Degrees Fahrenheit.
A long-standing boundary feud with San Pedro Sacatepéquez, 1.5 miles (2 km) to the east, was
settled by joining the towns by a broad, tree-lined boulevard. The resulting union is referred to
as La Unión.
The department of San Marcos is a geographically privileged place. Its territory presents the
large variety of climates the Republic of Guatemala has to offer. In this department a visitor can
find beaches at the Pacific Ocean in the municipality of Ocos and the cold up the Tajumulco
volcano, the highest one in Central America. This concentration of climates has a lot of
influence in the cultural expressions and in this sense San Marcos owns an interesting diversity.
Economy
In September 1897, after the failure of both the interoceanic railroad and the Central American
Expo and the deep economic crisis that Guatemala was facing after the plummeting of both
coffee and silver international prices, the people of Quetzaltenango raised in arms against the
decision of president José María Reina Barrios to extend his presidential term until 1902.
The towns were rebuilt and on 16 December 1935, during the presidency of general Jorge
Ubico, it was annexed to San Pedro Sacatepéquez forming the municipality of La Unión San
Marcos. However, this system did not work and La Unión San Marcos was broken apart on 20
July 1945, but San Pedro Sacatepéquez lost the capital of San Marcos Department to the
municipality of San Marcos.
Towards the end of the 20th century San Marcos became a hot spot for drug trafficking in
Central America, and one of the top lords was Juan Chamalé Ortiz, who was heavily involved in
cocaine trafficking, and was accused by US authorities of helping to move over 40 tons of
cocaine through Central American route to the United States. Ortiz worked with local fishermen
to smuggle cocaine in small fishing boats and may have also commissioned semi-submersibles
to transport the drug. Ortiz also controlled a major opium poppy producing area, the San Marcos
Department, where he was a popular local figure. He owned at least ten estates in his area of
operations, centered in San Marcos city, and provided numerous jobs, in addition to cultivating
local support by throwing parties and sponsoring beauty contests.
The city is a market centre for the surrounding highlands, in which coffee, corn (maize), wheat,
and vegetables are grown.
Crime/History
San Marcos is one of the most important regions in Guatemala given its proximity to the
highlands, Mexico and to the Pacific Ocean coast, where most of the drugs coming from South
America land. Ortiz exerted influence over local politicians and police in the region, and relied
on a powerful local support network to conduct his business. He is thought to have worked out a
deal that made him the Sinaloa Cartel's top transporter, helping the Mexican group move drugs
that arrived via Pacific routes. Ortiz Chamalé was captured in 2011 in Quetzaltenango and
extradited to the United States in 2014 where he was sentenced to 262 months in jail; when
Ortiz was arrested in 2011, locals protested to demand his release.
References:
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marcos,_Guatemala
-https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marcos-Guatemala
-https://www.turansa.com/paginas/guatemala_departments/san_marcos.htm
San Marcos is a city and Municipality in Guatemala located on the border of Mexico and
along the pacific coast. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas at an elevation of 7,700 feet (2.350
meters) above sea level . According to the 2018 Census, the municipality has a population of
47,063 people. The main language spoken is Mayan-mam, but there are over 22 languages
spoken there. The department of San Marcos is one of the main borders in the Republic of
Guatemala and it is an important commercial area. It is also the gate to Mexico and therefore a
place many immigrants stop on their way to the north.
Since Ana’s journey to the U.S was not that long ago, only about a year, there were not
many things going on economically that influenced her decision to leave home. San Marcos
While Ana was still living at home, there was a 6.9 magnitude earthquake that struck
Southern Mexico and Guatemala in July of 2014. Ana moved to the US, in 2019.
“The US Geological Survey said the quake had originated 60km (37 miles) below
the surface, while Mexican seismologists said its depth was more than 90km.”
according to BBC News. The earthquake killed 3 people and emergency services in
Guatemala said two people died when their house collapsed on top of them in the
town of San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta. This same area was struck by an
earthquake in 2012 which killed almost 50 people.There was another earthquake of the same
magnitude in June of 2017. This time, the earthquake killed 5 and injured 7. “The region where
the earthquake was located is sparsely populated and mountainous, and most residents run
small businesses or tend to small farms, the AP added.” This is exactly how Ana described her
home.
*Spanish*
San Marcos es una ciudad y municipio en
Guatemala ubicado en la frontera de México y a lo largo de la costa del
Pacífico. Está en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas a una altitud de 7,700 pies (2,350
metros) sobre el nivel del mar. Según el censo de 2018, el municipio tiene una
población de 47,063 personas. El idioma principal que se habla es maya-mam,
pero allí se hablan más de 22 idiomas. El departamento de San Marcos es una de
las principales fronteras de la República de Guatemala y es una importante zona
comercial. También es la puerta de entrada a México y, por lo tanto, un lugar donde muchos
inmigrantes se detienen en su camino hacia el norte.
Dado que el viaje de Ana a los Estados Unidos no fue hace tanto tiempo, solo alrededor de un
año, no sucedieron muchas cosas económicamente que influyeron en su decisión de
abandonar su hogar. San Marcos Mientras Ana todavía vivía en su casa, hubo un terremoto de
magnitud 6,9 que sacudió el sur de México y Guatemala en julio de 2014. Ana se mudó a los
Estados Unidos, en 2019. "El Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos. Dijo que el terremoto
se originó 60 kilómetros (37 millas) debajo la superficie, mientras que los sismólogos mexicanos
dijeron que su profundidad era de más de 90 km ". según BBC News. El terremoto mató a 3
personas y los servicios de emergencia en Guatemala dijeron que dos personas murieron
cuando su casa se derrumbó encima de ellas en la ciudad de San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta.
Esta misma área fue golpeada por un terremoto en 2012 que mató a casi 50 personas. Hubo
otro terremoto de la misma magnitud en junio de 2017. Esta vez, el terremoto mató a 5 e hirió a
7. “La región donde se ubicó el terremoto está escasamente poblada y montañosa, y la mayoría
de los residentes manejan pequeños negocios o tienden a pequeñas granjas, agregó el AP ".
Así es exactamente como Ana describió su hogar.
Sources:
“Quake 'Kills Three' as It Strikes Mexico and Guatemala.” BBC News, BBC, 7 July 2014,
www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-28195604
Breslin, Sean. “Guatemala Earthquake Kills 5, Injures 7; Damage, Landslides Reported.” The
Weather Channel, The Weather Channel, 15 June 2017,
weather.com/news/news/guatemala-earthquake-latest-news
**Revised**
San Marcos is a city and Municipality in Guatemala located on the border of Mexico and along
the pacific coast. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas at an elevation of 7,700 feet (2.350
meters) above sea level . According to the 2018 Census, the municipality has a population of
47,063 people. The main language spoken is Mayan-mam, but there are over 22 languages
spoken there.
The department of San Marcos is one of the main borders in the Republic of Guatemala
and it is an important commercial area. It is also the gate to Mexico and therefore a place many
immigrants stop on their way to the north.Since Ana’s journey to the U.S was not that long ago,
only about a year, there were not many things going on economically that influenced her
decision to leave home. Back home in San Marcos,
While Ana was still living at home, there was a 6.9 magnitude earthquake that struck
Southern Mexico and Guatemala in July of 2014. Ana moved to the US, in 2019. “The US
Geological Survey said the quake had originated 60km (37 miles) below the surface, while
Mexican seismologists said its depth was more than 90km.” according to BBC News. The
earthquake killed 3 people and emergency services in Guatemala said two people died when
their house collapsed on top of them in the town of San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta.This same area
was struck by an earthquake in 2012 which killed almost 50 people.
There was another earthquake of the same magnitude in June of 2017. This time, the
earthquake killed 5 and injured 7. “The region where the earthquake was located is sparsely
populated and mountainous, and most residents run small businesses or tend to small farms,
the AP added.” This is exactly how Ana described her home.
Sources : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-28195604
https://weather.com/news/news/guatemala-earthquake-latest-news
San Marcos, Guatemala
San Marcos is a city and Municipality in Guatemala located on the border of Mexico and along
the pacific coast. It is in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas at an elevation of 7,700 feet (2.350
meters) above sea level . According to the 2018 Census, the municipality has a population of
47,063 people. The main language spoken is Mayan-mam, but there are over 22 languages
spoken there.
The department of San Marcos is one of the main borders in the Republic of Guatemala and it is
an important commercial area. It is also the gate to Mexico and therefore a place many
immigrants stop on their way to the north.
Geography & Environment
San Marcos is bordered on the northeast by the department of Huehuetenango, on the east by
the department of Quetzaltenango, to the south by the department of Retalhuleu and by the
Pacific Ocean, and on the west by the Mexican state of Chiapas. The department has a total
territory of 2,397 square kilometres (925 sq mi).
San Marcos is known for their highlands but in the same department, they have the highest
volcano of Central America reaching an altitude of 4,200 meters (there are two more volcanoes:
Tacana 4,092m and San Antonio 2,750m).
The northern portion of the department is mountainous, being crossed by the Sierra Madre de
Chiapas mountain range. The two highest volcanoes in Central America are located within its
borders,Tajumulco (4,220 metres (13,850 ft) high) and Tacaná (4,092 metres (13,425 ft) high).
The Tajumulco volcano is the highest peak in Central America.Other notable peaks include San
Antonio Ichiguán at 4,022 metres (13,196 ft) above mean sea level. The southern portion of the
department drops away towards the Pacific coast.
San Marcos has subtropical highland climate, according to the Koppen climate classification.
The weather is mostly windy and cold with a daily average of 55 Degrees Fahrenheit.
A long-standing boundary feud with San Pedro Sacatepéquez, 1.5 miles (2 km) to the east, was
settled by joining the towns by a broad, tree-lined boulevard. The resulting union is referred to
as La Unión.
The department of San Marcos is a geographically privileged place. Its territory presents the
large variety of climates the Republic of Guatemala has to offer. In this department a visitor can
find beaches at the Pacific Ocean in the municipality of Ocos and the cold up the Tajumulco
volcano, the highest one in Central America. This concentration of climates has a lot of
influence in the cultural expressions and in this sense San Marcos owns an interesting diversity.
Economy
In September 1897, after the failure of both the interoceanic railroad and the Central American
Expo and the deep economic crisis that Guatemala was facing after the plummeting of both
coffee and silver international prices, the people of Quetzaltenango raised in arms against the
decision of president José María Reina Barrios to extend his presidential term until 1902.
The towns were rebuilt and on 16 December 1935, during the presidency of general Jorge
Ubico, it was annexed to San Pedro Sacatepéquez forming the municipality of La Unión San
Marcos. However, this system did not work and La Unión San Marcos was broken apart on 20
July 1945, but San Pedro Sacatepéquez lost the capital of San Marcos Department to the
municipality of San Marcos.
Towards the end of the 20th century San Marcos became a hot spot for drug trafficking in
Central America, and one of the top lords was Juan Chamalé Ortiz, who was heavily involved in
cocaine trafficking, and was accused by US authorities of helping to move over 40 tons of
cocaine through Central American route to the United States. Ortiz worked with local fishermen
to smuggle cocaine in small fishing boats and may have also commissioned semi-submersibles
to transport the drug. Ortiz also controlled a major opium poppy producing area, the San Marcos
Department, where he was a popular local figure. He owned at least ten estates in his area of
operations, centered in San Marcos city, and provided numerous jobs, in addition to cultivating
local support by throwing parties and sponsoring beauty contests.
The city is a market centre for the surrounding highlands, in which coffee, corn (maize), wheat,
and vegetables are grown.
Crime/History
San Marcos is one of the most important regions in Guatemala given its proximity to the
highlands, Mexico and to the Pacific Ocean coast, where most of the drugs coming from South
America land. Ortiz exerted influence over local politicians and police in the region, and relied
on a powerful local support network to conduct his business. He is thought to have worked out a
deal that made him the Sinaloa Cartel's top transporter, helping the Mexican group move drugs
that arrived via Pacific routes. Ortiz Chamalé was captured in 2011 in Quetzaltenango and
extradited to the United States in 2014 where he was sentenced to 262 months in jail; when
Ortiz was arrested in 2011, locals protested to demand his release.
References:
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marcos,_Guatemala
-https://www.britannica.com/place/San-Marcos-Guatemala
-https://www.turansa.com/paginas/guatemala_departments/san_marcos.htm
Collection
Citation
Alejandra Farinas, “Ana- Historical Context,” WeCount! Stories , accessed April 27, 2024, https://wecountstories.omeka.net/items/show/24.